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Gender in Bible translation concerns various issues, such as the gender of God and generic antecedents in reference to people. Many in today’s churches have become conscious of and concerned about sexism. Bruce Metzger states the English language is biased towards the male gender. So much bias that it may restrict and obscure meaning from original languages. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) was one of the first major translations to adopt gender-neutral language.〔 The King James Version translated at least one passage using a technique that many now reject in other translations, "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God" (Matt. 5:9). The Greek word υἱοὶ that appears in the original is usually translated as "sons", but in this passage the translators chose to use the term "children" that included both genders. Opponents of gender neutral language believe that readers who are not familiar with the original languages, can be influenced by a compromised meaning they believe is feminist. There are two translations that are particularly notable for their efforts to take radical steps in this regard, both explaining their reasons and their techniques in their front matter. The titles of the two translations are similar, but the two translations are distinct. The first is ''The Inclusive New Testament'' (1994), the second is ''The New Testament and Psalms: an Inclusive Version'' (1995). The first one deliberately tried to make the text agree with their creed, pointing out that when they saw problems with the message of the text "it becomes our license to introduce ''midrash'' into the text" (p. xxi). It is an original translation. The second one, however, is based on the NRSV, making changes as the editorial team saw fit, but being less radical to change the message of the original. ==Translation of the names of God== There are a number of ways to translate the names of God into English from Hebrew. Hebrew uses only four consonants for the name — ''Yod-Heh-Waw-Heh'' (יהוה, YHWH) — hence it is called the Tetragrammaton. Some modern English bibles render this as ''LORD'' — ''L'' capital, and ''ord'' in small capital font face. Others use ''Yahweh'', and the old King James Version used ''Jehovah''. In English, outside Bible translations, the tetragrammaton is often written as ''YHWH'' or ''YHVH''. The original meaning of this form is connected with the "I AM" of Exodus 3:14 (and it probably contains a Hebrew masculine verb prefix — the ''Y'' or ''yod''). Sometimes this word is rendered into English by using Hebrew ''Adonai'', instead of attempting to directly translate ''YHWH'', following an ancient Jewish custom of respect. The Hebrew word ''Adonai'' literally means ''my lord'' (with pseudo-plural), and is usually translated as ''Lord''. The Hebrew names ''Elohim'', ''El'', ''Shaddai'', and ''Yah'' are usually translated as ''God'' — with ''Elohim'' being the most common. ''Elyon'' translates as ''Most High''. There are a number of compound names for God. ''YHVH Tzevaot'' is translated as ''Lord of Hosts''. ''YHVH Elohe tzevaot'' would be ''Lord God of Hosts''. Among non-Orthodox Jews, there is a growing tendency to avoid the gender-in-English-language debate, and to simultaneously reclaim the vocabulary of Hebrew itself, by not translating these names in English prayers. An example of a traditional translation is: *"The earth belongs to the Lord, and all it contains; the world and its inhabitants." (Psalm 24) An alternative translation is: *"The earth belongs to Adonai, and all it contains; the world and its inhabitants." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gender in Bible translation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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